PHI 103 PHI/103 PHI103 Informal Logic Complete / Entire / Full Class
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PHI 103 PHI/103 PHI103 Informal Logic Complete / Entire / Full ClassASHFORD PHI 103 Week 5 Final Argument PaperFocus of the Final Paper – Argument Paper
For the Final Paper, you will identify a specific claim relative to one of the topics listed before and defend it with as strong an argument as possible. These topics are presented below as questions. The best way to develop a thesis statement is to offer an answer to the question, and then state in a clear and specific sentence the basis for your answer.
1. Should homosexuals be able to marry?
2. Is racism and anti-Semitism still a problem in the United States?
3. Is factory farming cruel to animals?
4. Is anthropogenic climate change (what used to be known as “global warming”) a problem that needs immediate and/or long term attention?
5. Should physician-assisted suicide be legal?
6. What, if any, limits should there be to embryonic stem cell research?
7. Should public workers be allowed to join unions and engage in collective bargaining?
8. Is the death penalty just and applied fairly?
9. Are there any legitimate restrictions on gun ownership?
10. Is it a problem if one percent of Americans possess 50% of American wealth and assets?
11. Should abortion be legal?
12. Should evolution be taught in the public schools?
13. Are science and religion in conflict?
14. Can one be moral and not believe in God?
Part One – Thesis
In this part of the paper, the thesis is to be stated clearly and specifically. It should appear no later than the end of the introduction paragraph.
Part Two – Argument This part of the paper will present the argument for the thesis. The focus should be on identifying the strongest support for the thesis. Then, present that support by constructing an argument. This argument, or set of arguments, will probably employ both deductive and inductive reasoning.
Part Three – Counter-thesis and counter-argument
In this part of the paper, the strongest objection to the thesis is presented along with an argument (probably briefer than the argument in Part Two) for that thesis.
Part Four – Response to counter-thesis
In this part of the paper, you respond to and refute the counter-argument based on evidence discussed in Part Three. This response will draw on the earlier argument in Part Two to show that the original thesis can be defended against this objection.
The paper will be evaluated in terms of the grading rubric. The clearer your presentation of the debate and the more specific you can be in that presentation, the stronger the paper will be.
The Final Paper must be six to eight pages in length (not counting the cover page or reference list). You must use at least four resources, at least one of which must provide support for your thesis and at least one of which must provide support for your counter-thesis. Two of the four required resources must be found in the Ashford Online Library. The Final Paper must be formatted according to APA (6th edition) style, and all resources must be properly cited in text as well as on the reference page. If you would like to refer to APA samples and tutorials, log into the Ashford Writing Center (located in the Learning Resources tab in the left navigation bar).
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 5 DQ 2 Why Study Logic
Imagine someone asks you what you have learned in your logic class and what you found to be the most useful information you learned there. Is it important for people to study logic? What kinds of mistakes might they make without having been exposed to a careful study of reasoning provided by logic? Offer your response to these questions, and compare your answers to your classmates’ responses. Your initial post should be at least 150 words in length. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts by Day 7.
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 5 DQ 1 Symbolic Logic
Write two arguments in English, one in the form of modus ponens and one in the form of modus tollens. Then, write the arguments in symbols using sentence letters and truth-functional connectives. (If your computer does not have all the symbols needed, use some other symbol you do have access to and explain what its meaning is.)
What advantages does being able to symbolize our arguments provide? Are there disadvantages to using this technique to make the structure of our arguments more explicit and clear?
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 4 DQ 2 Logic and Ethics
Mary is poor. She has not been able to find a job and has two children she needs to feed. Assume Mary is forced to let her children go hungry or steal some food from a local grocery store. Which should she do? Construct an argument that supports Mary’s decision to steal the food or an argument that shows why Mary should not steal the food. Do not assume that Mary lives in a country that has social aid and help from other religious and secular organizations. She must either steal and feed her children or not steal and let them go hungry. Provide your reasons that justify either one of these positions. Critique the arguments offered by your classmates.
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 4 DQ 1 Logic and Science
Provide a scientific hypothesis and explain how one might go about testing it, either by confirming the hypothesis or using Karl Popper’s strategy of disconfirmation. Discuss which of these two strategies is better and why.
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 3 Assignment Stereotype Paper
Stereotype Paper.
Read Stereotyping Has Lasting Negative Impact: Prejudice has lingering effects, study shows and watch How Pre-existing Beliefs Distort Logical Reasoning.
Discuss three stereotypes you encounter in your own life and the effect those stereotypes can have on others. This can be a stereotype you realize you have been guilty of holding or someone else’s. Explain (a) what the stereotype is and (b) what sort of argument, no matter how flawed, might be used to support it, and (c) identify any mistakes you find in that argument.
The paper must be three pages in length (excluding title and reference page) and in APA (6th edition) format. You must use at least three resources, one of which must be the course text, and two resources must either be found in the Ashford Online Library or from the provided sources. If you would like to refer to APA samples and tutorials, log into the Ashford Writing Center (located in the Learning Resources tab in the left navigation bar). Click on the “APA & Research Guides” tab and review the resources.
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 3 DQ 2 The Media and Fallacies
One rich source of fallacies is the media: television, radio, magazines, and the Internet (including, of course, commercials.) Identify two distinct fallacies you see committed in the media. Do you think it is more likely that you will not be fooled by these fallacies having studied logic? What do you think those presenting these arguments assume about the logical skills of their viewers? Is this a good or bad assumption for them to make?
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 3 DQ 1 Fallacious Arguments
Considering the fallacies discussed in Chapter Four of An Introduction to Logic, construct three different arguments that display distinct fallacies. Give an explanation of why each makes a mistake in drawing the conclusion it does. Review your classmates’ examples and see if they, in fact, commit the fallacy identified.
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 2 Assignment Final Paper Outline
Final Paper Outline. Review the Final Paper instructions in Week 5 of the online course or in the “Components of Course Evaluation” section of this guide. Then, visit the Ashford Writing Center (located in the Learning Resources tab in the left navigation bar). The outline must contain:
a. Introduction with thesis statement
b. At least five body paragraphs, using the provided model
c. Conclusion
d. Reference page containing at least three academic resources, two of which are found in the Ashford Online Library. Each side of the debate should be provided at least one valid source for.
The Final Paper Outline must be three pages in length (excluding title and reference page) and in APA (6th edition) format. If you would like to refer to APA samples and tutorials, log into the Ashford Writing Center (located in the Learning Resources tab in the left navigation bar). Click on the “APA & Research Guides” tab and review the resources.
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 2 DQ 2 Inductive Language
Construct an inductive argument for a specific conclusion. Then, explain what you might do to make this inductive argument stronger, either by revising the premises or by revising the conclusion.
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 2 DQ 1 Deductive Language
Construct a deductive argument that is valid but not sound. Then, construct a valid deductive argument that is sound. Be sure to put the argument in premise-conclusion form.
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ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 1 DQ 2 The Scope and Limits of Logic
Logic can do a great deal in helping us understand our arguments. Explain what advantages we obtain by studying logic in terms of improving our reasoning. Consider a debate over whether prayer should be allowed in public schools. Explain what logic can and cannot do. In other words, what kinds of questions and topics are not decided by logical analysis?
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 1 DQ 1 Arguments and Their Components
Arguments and Their Components.
Consider an argument you have recently had with a friend, family member, manager, co-worker, or someone else. Identify the topic of the argument and present that argument in premise-conclusion form, identifying both the premises and conclusion
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PHI 103 PHI/103 PHI103 Informal Logic Complete / Entire / Full ClassASHFORD PHI 103 Week 5 Final Argument PaperFocus of the Final Paper – Argument Paper
For the Final Paper, you will identify a specific claim relative to one of the topics listed before and defend it with as strong an argument as possible. These topics are presented below as questions. The best way to develop a thesis statement is to offer an answer to the question, and then state in a clear and specific sentence the basis for your answer.
1. Should homosexuals be able to marry?
2. Is racism and anti-Semitism still a problem in the United States?
3. Is factory farming cruel to animals?
4. Is anthropogenic climate change (what used to be known as “global warming”) a problem that needs immediate and/or long term attention?
5. Should physician-assisted suicide be legal?
6. What, if any, limits should there be to embryonic stem cell research?
7. Should public workers be allowed to join unions and engage in collective bargaining?
8. Is the death penalty just and applied fairly?
9. Are there any legitimate restrictions on gun ownership?
10. Is it a problem if one percent of Americans possess 50% of American wealth and assets?
11. Should abortion be legal?
12. Should evolution be taught in the public schools?
13. Are science and religion in conflict?
14. Can one be moral and not believe in God?
Part One – Thesis
In this part of the paper, the thesis is to be stated clearly and specifically. It should appear no later than the end of the introduction paragraph.
Part Two – Argument This part of the paper will present the argument for the thesis. The focus should be on identifying the strongest support for the thesis. Then, present that support by constructing an argument. This argument, or set of arguments, will probably employ both deductive and inductive reasoning.
Part Three – Counter-thesis and counter-argument
In this part of the paper, the strongest objection to the thesis is presented along with an argument (probably briefer than the argument in Part Two) for that thesis.
Part Four – Response to counter-thesis
In this part of the paper, you respond to and refute the counter-argument based on evidence discussed in Part Three. This response will draw on the earlier argument in Part Two to show that the original thesis can be defended against this objection.
The paper will be evaluated in terms of the grading rubric. The clearer your presentation of the debate and the more specific you can be in that presentation, the stronger the paper will be.
The Final Paper must be six to eight pages in length (not counting the cover page or reference list). You must use at least four resources, at least one of which must provide support for your thesis and at least one of which must provide support for your counter-thesis. Two of the four required resources must be found in the Ashford Online Library. The Final Paper must be formatted according to APA (6th edition) style, and all resources must be properly cited in text as well as on the reference page. If you would like to refer to APA samples and tutorials, log into the Ashford Writing Center (located in the Learning Resources tab in the left navigation bar).
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 5 DQ 2 Why Study Logic
Imagine someone asks you what you have learned in your logic class and what you found to be the most useful information you learned there. Is it important for people to study logic? What kinds of mistakes might they make without having been exposed to a careful study of reasoning provided by logic? Offer your response to these questions, and compare your answers to your classmates’ responses. Your initial post should be at least 150 words in length. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts by Day 7.
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 5 DQ 1 Symbolic Logic
Write two arguments in English, one in the form of modus ponens and one in the form of modus tollens. Then, write the arguments in symbols using sentence letters and truth-functional connectives. (If your computer does not have all the symbols needed, use some other symbol you do have access to and explain what its meaning is.)
What advantages does being able to symbolize our arguments provide? Are there disadvantages to using this technique to make the structure of our arguments more explicit and clear?
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 4 DQ 2 Logic and Ethics
Mary is poor. She has not been able to find a job and has two children she needs to feed. Assume Mary is forced to let her children go hungry or steal some food from a local grocery store. Which should she do? Construct an argument that supports Mary’s decision to steal the food or an argument that shows why Mary should not steal the food. Do not assume that Mary lives in a country that has social aid and help from other religious and secular organizations. She must either steal and feed her children or not steal and let them go hungry. Provide your reasons that justify either one of these positions. Critique the arguments offered by your classmates.
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 4 DQ 1 Logic and Science
Provide a scientific hypothesis and explain how one might go about testing it, either by confirming the hypothesis or using Karl Popper’s strategy of disconfirmation. Discuss which of these two strategies is better and why.
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 3 Assignment Stereotype Paper
Stereotype Paper.
Read Stereotyping Has Lasting Negative Impact: Prejudice has lingering effects, study shows and watch How Pre-existing Beliefs Distort Logical Reasoning.
Discuss three stereotypes you encounter in your own life and the effect those stereotypes can have on others. This can be a stereotype you realize you have been guilty of holding or someone else’s. Explain (a) what the stereotype is and (b) what sort of argument, no matter how flawed, might be used to support it, and (c) identify any mistakes you find in that argument.
The paper must be three pages in length (excluding title and reference page) and in APA (6th edition) format. You must use at least three resources, one of which must be the course text, and two resources must either be found in the Ashford Online Library or from the provided sources. If you would like to refer to APA samples and tutorials, log into the Ashford Writing Center (located in the Learning Resources tab in the left navigation bar). Click on the “APA & Research Guides” tab and review the resources.
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 3 DQ 2 The Media and Fallacies
One rich source of fallacies is the media: television, radio, magazines, and the Internet (including, of course, commercials.) Identify two distinct fallacies you see committed in the media. Do you think it is more likely that you will not be fooled by these fallacies having studied logic? What do you think those presenting these arguments assume about the logical skills of their viewers? Is this a good or bad assumption for them to make?
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 3 DQ 1 Fallacious Arguments
Considering the fallacies discussed in Chapter Four of An Introduction to Logic, construct three different arguments that display distinct fallacies. Give an explanation of why each makes a mistake in drawing the conclusion it does. Review your classmates’ examples and see if they, in fact, commit the fallacy identified.
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 2 Assignment Final Paper Outline
Final Paper Outline. Review the Final Paper instructions in Week 5 of the online course or in the “Components of Course Evaluation” section of this guide. Then, visit the Ashford Writing Center (located in the Learning Resources tab in the left navigation bar). The outline must contain:
a. Introduction with thesis statement
b. At least five body paragraphs, using the provided model
c. Conclusion
d. Reference page containing at least three academic resources, two of which are found in the Ashford Online Library. Each side of the debate should be provided at least one valid source for.
The Final Paper Outline must be three pages in length (excluding title and reference page) and in APA (6th edition) format. If you would like to refer to APA samples and tutorials, log into the Ashford Writing Center (located in the Learning Resources tab in the left navigation bar). Click on the “APA & Research Guides” tab and review the resources.
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 2 DQ 2 Inductive Language
Construct an inductive argument for a specific conclusion. Then, explain what you might do to make this inductive argument stronger, either by revising the premises or by revising the conclusion.
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 2 DQ 1 Deductive Language
Construct a deductive argument that is valid but not sound. Then, construct a valid deductive argument that is sound. Be sure to put the argument in premise-conclusion form.
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ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 1 DQ 2 The Scope and Limits of Logic
Logic can do a great deal in helping us understand our arguments. Explain what advantages we obtain by studying logic in terms of improving our reasoning. Consider a debate over whether prayer should be allowed in public schools. Explain what logic can and cannot do. In other words, what kinds of questions and topics are not decided by logical analysis?
ASHFORD PHI 103 Week 1 DQ 1 Arguments and Their Components
Arguments and Their Components.
Consider an argument you have recently had with a friend, family member, manager, co-worker, or someone else. Identify the topic of the argument and present that argument in premise-conclusion form, identifying both the premises and conclusion
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